The Creation And Collapse Of Unified German Empire

The period of one hundred years spanning from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid twentieth century was one hundred years of monumental change. It saw the end of American slavery, the creation and collapse of unified German Empire, the creation of Eastern European nation states that emerged from the wreckage of the Austro-Hungarian Empire only to fall to the Soviet Union within a few decades, two world wars, the invention of cars and their erasure of horses from everyday transportation, the development of nuclear weapons, and the novel concept of photographs become televisions in the home of the average American family. This period of radical change was made possible by men who saw the possibility of changing the world and perused it. Regimes fell, borders were redrawn, and from the ranks of revolutionaries the leaders who would create new orders rose. 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Business And Management As A Social Science - 1554 Words

ULMS 602 Business and Management as a Social Science Management School University of Liverpool Yaman Suryaman Introduction Philosophy and science are two words which interrelated subtantially as well as historically because philoshopy has a role in the existence of knowledge and development of knowledge also strengthen the existence of philoshopy. Science is divided to be two main subjects, natural science and social science. In this essay, I would like to explore the social science. This exploration of social science would be started by going back to the century ago to learn the history of social science philosophy itself. The terminology of philosophy has been recognized since Ancient Greek 2700 years ago (Turnbull, 2013). It is†¦show more content†¦In the last of my essay, I would like to relate the social science to my own research. Discussing philosophy of science is essential since it might encourage human to be more creative and innovative. It can give spirit for human to develop science and also moral value which lies in the knowledge. The Nature of Social Science We may start to ask the question about definition of social science. Many definitions of social science are available. Before we move to the definition of social science we need to understand the concept of social. According to Oxford English Dictionary (OED) online, states that social is relating to the society or it relates to organization. Social is recognized as relating to the human being life in a community and. As a social creature, every individual may have different attitude, character, and ways of life, perception and behaviour. We cannot state that the behaviour of certain person is right and the others are wrong. For example, Greeting to older person that we meet is the fact that can be said is true since if not it would be social problem where the society believe that the good young men are respect and greet to elder if they meet. Social science, defined as a study about human behaviour in groups and how is their interaction to society (OED). Social science consists of the discipline and systematic study of society and its institutions includes economics, psychology, anthropology, sociology, and political science. This study all

House Prices and Immigration Rates-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Relationship between House Prices and Immigration Rates. Answer: Introduction There is a direct relation between housing price rates and rates of immigration regardless of nationality. This project deals with a detailed literature review on the correlation of housing prices and immigration rates that has been prevalent over the countries across the globe. Change in economic scenario of different countries across the world with time also has a significant impact on the relationship of immigration and house prices. A detailed study of secondary research is provided in the following literature review. Project Objectives To critically evaluate the relationship between House price rates and immigration rates To investigate the factors influencing house price rates and immigration rates in different countries To determine the changes in demand and supply over the years; 2000-2010 and 2011-2017 respectively To produce a fruitful relation between the two factors with respect to change in country and time period Project Scope Scope of this project is to focus on the relationship of immigration rates and housing prices with the period of time across the globe. Demand and supply of houses has changed considerably in the past 20 years that has influenced the rates of houses. Depending on this immigration rate has also changed. This literature review critically helps the researcher to evaluate the relationship on housing price and immigration rates with respect to change in country and time period. Literature Review Introduction Impact of international migration and visa controlled immigration on prices of housing has been significant in the past two decades. This review of literature focuses on the data that highlights the effect and different parameters of immigration on local housing markets with respect to time and change of country from 2000 to 2017. Concerns regarding immigration have been highlighted along with the degree of rise in the both legal and illegal immigration rates. A strong relationship is prevalent between housing rates and immigration regardless of nationality. Demand of supply of housing in a particular country contributes to a sudden increase of population in that country majority of which are immigrants. This pulls up the price of housing and a relation between the factors are established. In this paper, correlation of immigrants and housing prices and consequent effect on one another are being discussed. Conceptual framework Figure 1: Conceptual framework (Source: Created by learner) Relationship between house prices and immigration rates In a local context, relationship between house prices and rates of migration is positively correlated when compared to the national context. As per the view of S (2014, p.1400), if immigration is resulting in increase in house price, it can be expected that local rate of migration will increase. As a result, a direct proportional relationship is prevalent between house price increase in a particular nation and rate of immigration in that particular area. Immigration level at a national level if increases considerably, automatically housing prices will be increased as the demand will be more. Wadsworth et al. (2016, p.50) applying the Theory of First Economics has stated that on rise of income of real household, significant enhancement of price of houses will definitely occur. There are certain additional factors in this context like price of compliments and price of substitutes that are mortgages and flats respectively. On the contrary, based on the findings of research, it has been seen that even if there is high demand of supply of housing, lack of immigration can cause a sharp downfall owing to the economic perspective of a country. For example, Shi et al. (2015, p. 19) in his article has stated that long term and permanent immigrants have contributed an annual average of 0.1%, when compared to a natural increase in population of 0.8% annually. However, marked variation in flows of migration over time has occurred, where 1% enhance in population by migration at a national level is related with 12.6% enhancement in prices of housing. As a result, it is acknowledged that interrelation between growth of house price and rate of high immigration is strong. (Refer to appendix 1) Countries Rate of immigration (in millions) Rate of housing price (increase in %) UK 248,000 5.83 New Zealand 71,000 2.8% Australia 189,770 7% US 133,000 6.2 % Germany 174,438 1.7% Table 1: Rates of immigration and housing price in 2016 (Source: Sloan and Sloan, 2017) Migrants are portrayed as the key determinants in inflation of house price rates contributing inflationary pressure to a nations economy. Rise in price of housing values enhances domestic consumption, consequently driving up the levels of domestic price. As per the opinion of Shi et al. (2015, p. 21), global financial crisis of 2007 in US was a prime evidence showing an unsustainable enhancement in house rates that was caused by subprime mortgages. At this time, a large number of immigrants have entered New Zealand. (Refer to appendix 2) On the contrary, it was not possible for the local housing markets to cope up with the rapid fluctuations. Gonzalez and Ortega (2013, p.41) supported this fact and stated that local housing markets were unable to adjust with the housing demand shocks in a short run, which affected long run economic growth if New Zealand. Relationship between house price and immigration rates change over countries Reduction in the rate of immigration is one of those few policies that is being left to drag in a national debate on demand, supply and affordability of housing. Housing prices are variable in different countries across the globe and effect of immigrants based on house prices in countries pose variable impact on countries depending on economic condition. Accetturo et al. (2014, p.51) in his article opined that average prices of house in Melbourne in 2016 was 10.8% whereas, that of Sydney was 10.3%. Such high values house prices has caused a major setback in the Darwin prices that has reduces to 1.5%, subsequently allowing divergence between prices of house and wages of people. Immigration in such economic scenario has caused Reserve Bank of Australia becoming much paralyzed. Focusing on New Economics Theory of migration, Bell et al. (2013, p.1281) stated that, decisions of migration in not only based on risk of income but also failure of credit market, insurance market or labor marke t. Australia was facing a major economic downturn in 2015-2016 and the local housing prices rose considerably. Consequently, natives of Australia were not been able to cope up with the individual utility of maximizing as unemployment rate was high. Demand and supply of housing prices was low at this economic context as economic downturn boosted migration. A large amount of immigrant population took place in this economic scenario, where demand of housing prices was low among the natives and supply rate was higher. Head et al. (2014, p.1189) informed that, immigration reached at its peak in 2013-2016, as people from other engaged in mass migration to Australia as natives faced an outflow of migration. This opposed the fact that employment and lower wage structure due to economic crisis have resulted in decrease in population of the country. Moreover, Tsai et al. (2015, p.135) supported this fact and stated that more than 200,000 dwellings were constructed per annum with every 1.6 extra people in current population rate contributed by immigrants. (Refer to appendix 3) In countries like UK, immigration has actually caused significant lowering of housing prices. Borjas (2014, p.4) in his article has highlighted that as a result of immigration, housing demand has enhanced as an exponential rate. As per this statistics, it has been evaluated that, within the next 20 years, housing prices can face a reduction of 10% with such exponential demand by the immigrants. On the contrary, new immigration has a significant effect in reducing the average local income of the nation. Consequently demand and supply of dwelling also decreases. Supporting this fact, Robertson and Rogers (2017, p.9) has highlighted the fact that migration outflow of 134,000 British and 206,000 non British population occurred in UK in 2016 thus lowering the nations average income. Subsequent lowering of house rates can be seen which had decreased from 9.3 % in June to 6.9% in October, 2016. (Theguardian.com, 2016) (Refer to appendix 4) A large number of entries of immigrants in Germany have initiated to affect property market of Germany. Demand of housing will rise exponentially with the more influx of immigrants, thus reducing housing supply, inevitably contributing in enhancement of price rising. As per the statement of Hyman (2014, p.12), 1% increase in population will result in 3.5% increase in housing prices in Germany. However, being a developed country, Government of Germany has decided to construct 350,000 dwelling per annum to support over 1 million immigrants who had arrived in the country in 2016. On the contrary, Greece is facing a major property slump and debt crisis, where the natives have faced a major economic crisis and were at the stake of handing their properties and assets to the state. Li and Chand (2013, p.151) opined that housing values in Greece had declined by 50% owing to the collapse of the property market. Consequently, relating to the extreme economic turmoil and instability prevalent in the country, government of Greece has decided to restrict immigration in order to pay off their debts and get economic stability within the nation. However Cortes (2008, p.412) said that, on restriction of immigration in Greece, demand and supply curve of housing will be flat as lack of immigration will not encourage demand in housing. (Refer to appendix 5) Research findings reveal that a steady flow of immigration is prevalent within the European continent that contributes in a consistent flow of prices of housing rates within the nations. Hatton and Tani (2005, p.63) reported that a number of immigrants from the developing or underdeveloped countries are constantly moving to the European countries in search of employment or to pursue higher studies. Therefore a consistent rise in housing prices which are prevalent in these areas. Moreover, a consistent increase of immigration adds to the population of these countries that allow the economic growth of the nation. Saiz (2007, p.351) stated that in 2016, a significant rise in the labor market of Europe has occurred in response to the influx of immigrant workers. Another factor that is associated with the influx of immigrants in Europe is the increase in capital market. All these combined results in increase the economic growth of the nation and dwelling being an important parameter also impacts a positive effect. Relationship between house price and immigration rates change over time 4.5.1 2000-2010 Rate of economy has changed at an exponential rate in the past 20 years and housing market has faced a revolutionary impact. For example, migration and immigration in New Zealand shows a significant fluctuation in the demand of houses and its prices. Benton?short (2005, p.950) in his article has stated that long term and permanent immigrants have contributed an annual average of 0.1%, when compared to a natural increase in population of 0.8% annually. However, opposing the fact of natural steady increase in the population of New Zealand, there are research evidences that shows marked variation in flows of migration over time. Hatton (2005, p.722) has stated that migration outflows in 1986 has a rough offset on natural increase, whereas in 2002-2003, rate of migration has added more to the population of the country than natural increase. 1% enhance in population by migration at a national level is related with 12.6% enhancement in the prices of housing. When the demand of a property at a particular place is high, prices naturally tends to increase. Reduction in housing demand for poor economic growth results in decrease in costs of houses. Wadsworth et al. (2016, p.50) has analysed the fact that UK during the Great Recession from 2007-2009, faced a major decrease in demand of properties and as a result there was an oversupply of houses. However, immigration rate reduced during this time and there was a massive migration outflow, which caused a sharp downfall of property values. (Refer to appendix 6) 4.5.2 2011-2017 Syria war has impacted a revolutionary effect on the level of immigration mainly in the European countries. As per the statistics highlighted by Bell et al. (2013, p.1280), about 13.5 million Syrian civilians were subjected to humanitarian assistance as a consequence of the war. Majority of the people migrated to the European countries from 2013 to 2015, where the number jumped from 296,000 to 932,000 (Nap.edu, 2017). Demand of housing reached a peak level in 2015, and a major undersupply of housing was faced. As per the law of demand and supply, there was a significant increase in the prices of houses as an ocean of immigrants had entered the European countries from 2013 till the recent times. Syrians have become the largest refugee population of the world, who has migrated in the neighboring European countries. Along with the increase in the immigration rate, house prices enhanced considerably, however, undersupply of dwelling caused a major hindrance in the habitat of the refugees . (Refer to appendix 7) On the contrary, as a consequence of Brexit, a huge impact was seen on the immigration population within the countries of Europe. The net immigration has reduced to 246,000 and Britains decision to leave European Union has resulted in a significant downfall of influx of migrants within the country (Asres.net, 2017). Along with other sectors, housing prices were equally affected as reduction of immigration resulted in a sharp decrease of price of dwelling as well as housing rents. In this way, demand and supply of house reached a lowest point after this incident in UK, since their rate of immigrants lessened. Literature gap The review of literature conducted above has portrayed the relation of immigration and housing prices and its effect on the economy has been analysed. However, there are some parameters that are not considered in the literature review. There was a major economic change in the past two decades, on which the housing market was dependent. However, on analyzing the effect on immigration on housing prices during 2000-2010, the major focus was on the Great recession of 2008. Economic scenario across the globe has been analysed thoroughly relating its impact on the housing prices. However, its impact on the rate of immigration has not been focused much and sufficient data were not gathered. Analyzing the impact of housing and immigration from 2010-2017, rate of immigration was mainly highlighted that caused as a consequence of the Syrian war. There was a significant economic downturn during this period which imposed a great affect on the demand and supply of houses and consequently rises of dwelling prices. A gap was created in this context, where most of the focus was given to the immigration and minimal data was gathered about the demand and rise of housing prices. Summary The above literature review focuses on the relation of immigration and housing prices and how do they complement each other. Sufficient evidences were provided in establishing the relationship of these two factors and their combined effect on the economy of a country. The individual effect of housing prices and immigration is also stated with the help of practical evidences and application of theories. Interrelationship between these two factors and their rates of changes over time and across the countries are also demonstrated. Reference List Accetturo, A., Manaresi, F., Mocetti, S. and Olivieri, E., (2014). Don't Stand so close to me: the urban impact of immigration.Regional Science and Urban Economics,45(9), pp.45-56. Asres.net. (2017).Australian Migration and Dwelling Prices Available from: https://www.asres.net/AsRES_Papers/asres2014_submission_47.pdf [Accessed on 12 Aug. 2017]. Bell, B., Fasani, F. and Machin, S., (2013). Crime and immigration: Evidence from large immigrant waves.Review of Economics and statistics,21(3), pp.1278-1290. Benton?short, l.i.s.a., Price, M.D. and Friedman, S., (2005). Globalization from below: the ranking of global immigrant cities.International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,29(4), pp.945-959. Borjas, G.J., (2014).Immigration economics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Cortes, P., (2008). The effect of low-skilled immigration on US prices: evidence from CPI data.Journal of political Economy,116(3), pp.381-422. Gonzalez, L. and Ortega, F., (2013). Immigration and housing booms: Evidence from Spain.Journal of Regional Science,53(1), pp.37-59. Hatton, T.J. and Tani, M., (2005). Immigration and Inter?Regional Mobility in the UK, 19822000.The Economic Journal,115(507), pp.54-201. Hatton, T.J., (2005). Explaining trends in UK immigration.Journal of Population Economics,18(4), pp.719-740. Head, A., Lloyd-Ellis, H. and Sun, H., (2014). Search, liquidity, and the dynamics of house prices and construction.The American Economic Review,104(4), pp.1172-1210. Hyman, D.N., (2014).Public finance: A contemporary application of theory to policy. Boston: Cengage Learning. Li, Q. and Chand, S., (2013). House prices and market fundamentals in urban China.Habitat International,40(8), pp.148-153. Nap.edu. (2017).The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration. Available from: https://www.nap.edu/read/23550/chapter/8#166 [Accessed on 10 Aug. 2017]. Robertson, S. and Rogers, D., (2017). Education, real estate, immigration: brokerage assemblages and Asian mobilities.Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 8(4), pp.1-15. S, F., (2015). Immigration and House Prices in the UK.The Economic Journal,125(587), pp.1393-1424. Saiz, A., (2007). Immigration and housing rents in American cities.Journal of urban economics,61(2), pp.345-371. Shi, S., Jou, J.B. and Tripe, D., (2014). Can interest rates really control house prices? Effectiveness and implications for macroprudential policy.Journal of Banking Finance,47(77), pp.15-28. Sloan, J. and Sloan, J. (2017).Immigration key to house prices. Theaustralian.com.au. Available from: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/judith-sloan/immigration-rate-key-factor-in-housing-affordability/news-story/b6b466d95bc1ddfd0cfdb9427535fa4d [Accessed on 10 Aug. 2017]. Theguardian.com, (2016). Is immigration causing the UK housing crisis? Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/housing-network/2016/jan/25/is-immigration-causing-the-uk-housing-crisis Accessed on 10 Aug. 2017] Tsai, C.H.P., Mulley, C., Burke, M. and Yen, B., (2015). Exploring property value effects of ferry terminals: Evidence from Brisbane, Australia.Journal of Transport and Land Use,10(1), pp.98-140. Wadsworth, J., Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G. and Van Reenen, J., (2016). Brexit and the Impact of Immigration on the UK.Centre for Economic Performance.LSE, 54(7), pp.34-53

Outsourcings Benefits in Management

Table of Contents Introduction Overview of Outsourcing Reasons for Outsourcing Levels of Outsourcing The Benefits of Outsourcing Conclusion Reference List Introduction Outsourcing is the act of transferring some of an organization’s recurring internal activities and decision rights to outside providers, as set forth in a contract. Because the activities are recurring and a contract is used, outsourcing goes beyond the use of consultants. In other words, outsourcing can be defined as the process of shifting tasks and services previously performed in-house to outside vendors. As a matter of practice, not only are the activities transferred, but the factors of production and decision rights often are, too.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Outsourcing’s Benefits in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Factors of production are the resources that make the activities occur and include p eople, facilities, equipment, technology, and other assets. On the other hand, decision rights are the responsibilities for making decisions over certain elements of the activities transferred. This paper looks at the reasons why most organizations outsource and the growth of outsourcing from the tradition to modern organizations. It also looks at the different levels of outsourcing and concludes by giving some of the benefits of outsourcing. Overview of Outsourcing Outsourcing is a management practice that has been going on for many centuries. However, it has gained popularity in the recent past and organizations are attempting to think about it as a new practice. It has certainly changed in shape and has taken a different form, although the concept remains the same. Although primitive prehistoric villagers would not have understood some terms like core competencies, outsourcing, and increase in productivity, the benefits were real and it is these that lie at the heart of many of t he modern arguments referring to outsourcing. Modern organizations are nurtured by the outgrowth in division of labor meaning that organizations employ different individuals with different skills, competencies, and attributes. These individuals are hired to perform specific functions in the organization (Manning et al 2008). In the last century, few organizations had attempted to do everything themselves. There were always some products and services that came from outside suppliers and were never made in-house, and the boundaries between the two were flexible. Many diverse firms engage in intensive outsourcing. As outsourcing continues to grow in importance, its nature and focus is evolving. In the past, it is only the manufacturing industries that engaged in outsourcing but it has now been accepted in almost all industries including the service industry. It has also become a cross-national and global concept; for instance, it is estimated that about 40% of the entire automobile pro duced in North America came from the US, and much of this offshore supply is outsourced (Brown Wilson, 2005). The nature of outsourcing is diverse. Some firms now outsource core production activities so extensively that they no longer engage in production, as traditionally understood.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Inbound and outbound logistics are being extensively outsourced also. Some firms are extensively outsourcing secondary value-chain activities such as information technology, accounting systems, distribution, and aspects of human resources. Despite its increasing importance, many firms do not have a clear understanding of the benefits and costs part of its destiny in the hands of other firms that are seeking to maximize their profits. Thus, while outsourcing is often described as an alliance, the contracting parties inevitably have conflicting interests. The strategic objectives of outsourcing that decision makers should seek are to maximize the net benefits of outsourcing relative to the in-house provision of value-chain activities. In practice, this can often be simplified to minimizing the total costs of any given quantity and quality of outsourced good or activity. However, costs must be viewed comprehensively. Costs consist of expenditures for the good itself and the costs associated with governing the outsourced transaction. This raises a number of fundamental questions relating to governance costs (Noreen et al 2011). Reasons for Outsourcing There are many reasons why organizations choose to outsource other than rely on the resources available within them. One of such reasons is to enhance effectiveness by focusing on what one can do best. Other organizations outsource in order to increase flexibility so as to meet changing business conditions, demand for products or services, and advanced technologies. Other reasons include but are not limited to the following: Transform the organization Customer satisfaction and increasing the value of products as well as of the shareholders Improve management and control (Barrar Gervais, 2006). Acquire innovative ideas Improvement of operations Reduce investments in assets Gain market access and business opportunities through the provider’s network Expand production capacity and sales volume Reduce costs and increase benefits (Noreen et al 2011). Employee career development Increase commitment and energy in non-core areas Levels of Outsourcing There are different levels of outsourcing which occurs in different levels of activities. Most of the common levels are individual, functional, and process. Individual outsourcing involves moving specific positions out of the organization. This could be the management position of a poorly performing function or a technical position, such as, an intelligent analyst or an auditor. These positions are difficult to fill when turnover occurs and therefore it is advisable to outsource before an organization is able to find the appropriate person to fill such as a post. Individual outsourcing occurs when a person fails to perform the activities assigned to him at the desired performance level, or according to the organization’s expectation (Manning et al 2008). Almost all organizations are structured on a basis of functional cost with specialized knowledge and key responsibilities. Processes can be defined as the flow of products or services within an organization. A single process is generated by linking similar activities to create an output that satisfies a customer’s needs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Outsourcing’s Benefits in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Processes defer from one organization to the other and it is upon each organization to determine its own processes. There are many contractors in the world who earn their income through outsourcing. IBM is one of these contractors that have been doing well in the business of outsourcing. In 2003 IBM decided to outsource its expertise to Visteon an auto parts manufacturer. This contract was estimated to earn the company over two billion dollars in a period of ten years (Hechlinger, 2003). The Benefits of Outsourcing Some of the benefits expected from outsourcing by investors include the following: 1. Creation of value for shareholders 2. Reduction of production costs by taking advantage of external supplier’s lower costs 3. Improvement of the quality of input by purchasing some superior capability from external supplier If a firm could easily imitate the cost or capability advantage of outside suppliers, it could produce the activity in-house. The acquisition of superior capabilities can also be thought of in cost-saving terms. However, it is usual in the business strategy literature to analyze each activity on the value chain in terms of the firm’s ability to lower cost or to improve quality. The contractor or supplier also benefits from outsourcing in terms of increased revenue, which he can use to diversify his activities. For instance, in the case of IBM and Visteon contract, IBM was expected to make large sums of money and also become a widely known contractor (Hechlinger, 2003).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To ensure that outsourcing is a cost-effective strategy, the costs of outsourcing must be compared to the costs of internal production of the activity. Production costs are those directly generated by the opportunity costs of the resources used to produce the good. There are a number of production cost rationales for outsourcing. The most basic is that internal production of the activity entails production at levels that are too low to be efficient, that is, to achieve minimum efficient scale. Many goods and services for which the organization has low unit demand exhibit significant cost lumpiness (Barrar Gervais, 2006). Just as a supplier can bring services to a locale within ones country, it can also bring one to new markets on other continents because of its global locations. The more places in the world a company can provide such presence the more opportunities one has to grow his global customer base. When considering a potential outsourcing in hopes of advancing into new mark ets, one has to make to determine the cost benefits of such endeavors. An estimate of potential revenue that would be received in the new capabilities has to be made and such estimate has to be reasonable. The estimated revenue has to be compared to the prices from suppliers in order to determine whether the new capabilities are cost effective. If a particular company is interested in going global, it has to look for suppliers who have the capabilities to take the company there. In order for the company to compete in the global market, it has to be available globally. Some facility labor relations conditions permit the use of in-house mechanics that are not bound by trade or craft union jurisdictional lines in performing operations and maintenance work. Contractors by and large, follow trade and craft union jurisdictional lines, hired by contractors are not better than those recruited for the facility’s in-house workforce. They lack the specific experience that the regular em ployees acquire in time at the facility, but they often compensate for this by bringing a greater breadth of experience to the job (Noreen et al 2011). Conclusion This paper has given a brief overview of outsourcing; what is meant by the term outsourcing, its growth, and how modern organizations are relying on outsourcing for most of their operations. It has also looked at the different levels of outsourcing and the good about this process to both the organization and the contractor. Outsourcing can deliver significant economies of scale by using standardized procedures and leading edge technology. Suppliers can perform finance and administration functions far more cheaply and efficiently than companies working on their own. This could include reduction in working capital, improvements in tax efficiency, and avoidance of capital expenditure. The services are also provided at an agreed cost which should also lead to a more accurate prediction of costs, and therefore more accurate bud getary control. A specialist provider can bring best practice and new investment in resources. Outsourcing financial operations can encourage business to be more innovative and focused on value creation. Reference List Barrar, P. Gervais, R. (2006). Global Outsourcing Strategies: An International Reference on Effective Outsourcing Relationships. Burlington: Gower Publishing Ltd. Brown D. Wilson S. (2005). The Black Book of Outsourcing: How to Manage The Changes, Challenges, And Opportunities. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Hechlinger, J. (2003, February 12). IBM Gets $2 Billion Outsourcing Job — Most Computer Operations Of Visteon To Be Taken Over As It Diversifies From Ford. The Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition), B3. Manning et al. (2008). A Dynamic Perspective on Next-Generation Off shoring: The Global Sourcing of Science and Engineering Talent Academy of Management Perspectives 22.3: 35-54. Noreen, E. W., Brewer, P. B., Garrison R. H. (2011). Managerial Accounting f or Managers (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. This research paper on Outsourcing’s Benefits in Management was written and submitted by user Artur0 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.